{"id":26319,"date":"2026-04-18T07:06:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-18T04:06:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arab-digital-economy.org\/?p=26319"},"modified":"2026-04-28T07:24:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T04:24:25","slug":"communications-technology-and-the-future-of-arab-security","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arab-digital-economy.org\/?p=26319&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Communications technology and the future of Arab security"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cairo<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Source: Al-Wafd Newspaper<\/span><\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Ali Mohammed Al-Khouri<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

The world is currently witnessing a transformative shift in the structure of military and political power, with communications technologies at the heart of the matter. In just two decades, we have moved from a world where communications served primarily as a support tool for military and diplomatic operations to a reality where digital networks, encrypted communication systems, and cyberspace have become fundamental elements of security, the nature of warfare, and the management of international influence. With this new landscape emerging, Arab states find themselves compelled to choose between investing in the development of their digital capabilities or becoming dependent on imported technological systems managed according to external agendas.<\/span><\/p>\n

In general, digital indicators reflect the scale of the accelerating transformation in the structure of global telecommunications networks. According to data from the International Telecommunication Union, approximately 5.5 billion people, or about 68% of the world’s population, will be connected to the internet in 2024, with a widening gap between high-income countries, which are approaching near-universal coverage, and low-income countries, where internet use does not exceed 27% of the population.<\/span><\/p>\n

Similarly, international reports indicate that 5G networks currently represent approximately a quarter of mobile subscriptions globally, while their penetration rate in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries has exceeded a third of subscribers. This places the region at the forefront of the shift towards a high-speed and efficient communications infrastructure, although this transformation remains uneven across the Arab world as a whole. This digital infrastructure forms the cornerstone upon which command, control, intelligence, and reconnaissance (CIR) systems are built today, and conversely, it also constitutes the environment in which offensive capabilities and cyber threats flourish.<\/span><\/p>\n

In modern warfare, advanced communications have become the foundation of what is known in military literature as “networked operations” or “network-centric warfare.” Today’s militaries rely on interconnected systems that include sensors, satellites, and drones, along with command and control platforms capable of processing data and making decisions with unprecedented speed. Satellite communications systems, 5G networks, and fiber optics have become vital infrastructure enabling real-time intelligence gathering, precision weapons targeting, and the deployment of military units across widely dispersed operational areas.<\/span><\/p>\n

In contrast, cyber warfare has become an arena of conflict, as official military forces as well as non-state armed groups aim to disrupt the adversary\u2019s networks, jam its communications, and undermine the reliability of the information upon which its leaders rely for decision-making.<\/span><\/p>\n

Across the Arab world, the ability of militaries and security institutions to integrate into this new system varies. Some countries have invested heavily in building national military communications networks and developing cyber defense capabilities and digital operations centers capable of monitoring cyberspace and protecting critical infrastructure. However, other countries remain almost entirely dependent on imported systems, lacking full control over their encryption and updates, which leaves structural gaps in their defense systems. Here, the question of “technological sovereignty” becomes intertwined with the question of “military sovereignty,” because any entity that does not control its vital communication channels remains vulnerable to hacking and disruption during crises.<\/span><\/p>\n

The impact of communications technology extends far beyond the narrow military sphere, reshaping the global order itself. While the world today comprises roughly three-quarters of the planet’s population, it also includes over two billion people who remain offline. This “digital divide” not only creates disparities in access to education and e-commerce, but also establishes an imbalance of power. The major digital platforms, cybersecurity standards, and artificial intelligence engines are concentrated in a limited number of centers, while the rest of the world becomes a consumer of the standards, rules, and tools developed by others.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the heart of this landscape, the \u201ccyber arena\u201d is gaining prominence as a new arena in the political economy of warfare. International reports estimate that the cost of cybercrime alone could reach trillions of dollars annually worldwide\u2014equivalent to the GDP of major nations\u2014with a marked increase in recent years targeting energy, transportation, industrial, and financial infrastructure with sophisticated digital attacks. This cost extends beyond the funds spent on responding to attacks or repairing damage; it encompasses the repercussions of disrupted supply chains, production shutdowns, and the leakage of sensitive data, as well as the far-reaching political and security implications. In this context, a state\u2019s ability to protect its cyberspace becomes as integral to its national security as protecting its land and sea borders.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arab states are certainly not immune to these transformations. The region is currently witnessing a race towards military modernization, an expansion in reliance on digital infrastructure in the economy and society, and also an increase in cyber targeting of its systems related to regional conflicts and international rivalries.<\/span><\/p>\n

The positive picture painted by international reports on the digital divide in the Middle East and North Africa is that a comprehensive digital transformation in the region could add hundreds of billions of dollars to GDP. However, these reports rarely reveal that achieving these gains hinges on profound reforms in infrastructure, education, digital governance, and building trust in the technology business environment. This dual equation makes communications technology a double-edged sword; it is a source of unprecedented developmental, military, and security opportunities, but also a source of risks if infrastructure remains weak and dependence on external sources remains high.<\/span><\/p>\n

From the perspective of international relations theories, communications technology can be viewed as a form of what researchers call the \u201cnetwork society\u201d or \u201cnetwork power,\u201d where the ability to influence shifts from controlling territory to controlling the key axes and relationships that connect actors to each other.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tech giants, social media platforms, and cloud service providers have become de facto political actors; they possess the power to regulate the flow of information, to censor some content and amplify others, and to grant or deny countries and social movements access to communication and organizational tools. This poses a strategic question for Arab states: how can they build an effective Arab presence in spaces whose rules are being established in Silicon Valley and other technology hubs, while Arab contributions to these spaces remain modest?<\/span><\/p>\n

In this context, it is insufficient for Arab states to view communications technology solely as a technical matter; it is fundamentally a sovereign, investment, and security issue. What is needed is a comprehensive vision that links the development of industries related to communications networks with building research capabilities in cybersecurity and artificial intelligence, and cultivating military and civilian personnel with a deep understanding of the dynamics of digital warfare and the political economy of technology. This also necessitates a rethinking of regional cooperation models, enabling the region to move from a state of digital estrangement to the development of joint initiatives in infrastructure, cyber emergency response centers, and the establishment of regional standards for the use of technology in war and peace.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the deeper intellectual question remains: will Arab states treat the communications revolution as a new wave to be caught up with, or will they invest in it as a tool to build their international influence and serve their interests?<\/span>
\nPossessing advanced communications systems without the operational frameworks and employment standards will lead to a new form of dependency, less obvious but more dangerous. But a conscious, long-term investment in education, research, and technology industries can transform the digital space from its current exposed and vulnerable state into an arena for building influential soft and hard power.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ultimately, the future of military and political power in the 21st century cannot be understood without placing communications technology at the center of the analysis. For the Arab world, the real challenge lies not in acquiring the latest systems or signing more defense contracts, but in building its own capacity to produce technical knowledge and formulate rules for its use that serve its national interests, rather than perpetuating old patterns of dependency in more complex digital forms. This is precisely what will distinguish those who see networks today as mere infrastructure from those who recognize them as one of the most important stages of history.<\/span><\/p>\n

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