{"id":28783,"date":"2026-08-29T09:31:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T06:31:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arab-digital-economy.org\/?p=28783"},"modified":"2026-09-13T10:04:18","modified_gmt":"2026-09-13T07:04:18","slug":"the-virtual-economy-and-the-arab-opportunity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arab-digital-economy.org\/?p=28783&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"The virtual economy and the Arab opportunity"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cairo<\/span><\/p>\n

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Source: Al-Wafd Newspaper<\/span><\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Ali MOhammEd Al-Khouri<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Much of economic activity has shifted to a space where businesses, markets, and services operate without direct physical location. Software is sold across borders, teams are managed remotely, consulting, education, and financial services are offered through networks, and factories use digital models to simulate production lines before construction or modification. Extended reality and artificial intelligence technologies add a new layer to this transformation, enabling interaction within digital environments that mimic physical presence and linking design, training, commerce, entertainment, and management into a single economic structure.<\/span><\/p>\n

This is the practical meaning of the virtual world. Its economic value extends far beyond the holograms or digital real estate that dominated public discourse in recent years. The true value lies in the infrastructure that sustains these worlds: data centers, cloud computing, semiconductors, software, payment systems, digital identity, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and content creation. Those who control these layers dictate market entry, collect data, and capture the lion’s share of the revenue. The applications visible to the user represent the final stage in a long value chain.<\/span><\/p>\n

International trade illustrates the scale of the ongoing transition. Global exports of digitally deliverable services reached approximately $4.5 trillion in 2023, with exports from developing economies exceeding $1 trillion for the first time. By 2024, these services accounted for 56% of total global services exports. This market encompasses software, consulting, telecommunications, financial services, creative industries, and other businesses that operate across networks. This figure positions the virtual economy correctly as an advanced extension of the services trade and knowledge production, rather than a marginal, independent sector.<\/span><\/p>\n

Investments are flowing into this field because digital assets offer companies advantages that are difficult to achieve in the physical economy. The same software can be sold in hundreds of markets at a minimal additional cost, the product can be updated after reaching the customer, and data allows for service development based on user behavior. The value of the platform increases as its network expands, transforming early advantage into influence that is difficult for competitors to match. This is why digital economic power is concentrated in a limited number of companies and countries that possess the infrastructure, platforms, and technical standards.<\/span><\/p>\n

Virtual environments are now at the heart of established sectors. Engineers use digital twins to monitor facilities and simulate malfunctions; airlines and energy companies use simulation technologies for training; designers test products and buildings before implementation; and medical institutions provide training environments that reduce risk and cost. Within these environments, artificial intelligence (AI) generates models, analyzes motion, personalizes experiences, and makes operational decisions. Therefore, the future of the virtual economy is as closely tied to the development of AI as it is to virtual reality. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) estimates that the global AI market could reach nearly $5 trillion by 2033.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Arab world possesses a vast user base that can be transformed into a productive one. Internet usage is estimated at around 69.5% of the Arab population in 2025, rising to 95% or more in several Gulf states and Jordan, while dropping sharply in countries suffering from weak infrastructure or instability. This disparity reveals two simultaneous realities: that some Arab markets have achieved connectivity levels comparable to advanced economies, while others remain far from the minimum required for participation in the digital economy.<\/span><\/p>\n

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The Arab opportunity stems from the convergence of market, language, capital, and the need for economic diversification. The region boasts a large population, a vast youth base, and high smartphone penetration rates in several countries, coupled with increasing investments in data centers, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. The Arabic language provides regional companies with a primary common market in education, media, gaming, professional services, and commerce. However, this linguistic unity has not yet translated into a fully integrated Arab digital market. Payment, tax, data protection, and service licensing systems still vary from country to country, and these differences increase the cost of expansion for startups.<\/span><\/p>\n

The potential contribution of metaverse applications to the economies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries is estimated at around $15 billion by 2030, according to global projections. While these figures are contingent on the speed of adoption and the quality of implementation, they highlight the potential in sectors such as tourism, real estate, education, commerce, design, and media. Consulting firms also estimate that widespread and responsible adoption of artificial intelligence could add 8.3 percent to the Middle East’s GDP over the next decade, and that the difference between the strongest and weakest trajectories for the region could reach $232 billion by 2035.<\/span><\/p>\n

These figures do not mean that spending on technology will automatically generate value. Purchasing hardware and platforms increases consumption capacity, while wealth creation requires ownership of software, data, expertise, and intellectual property rights. An organization might spend large sums on a virtual environment, importing its design, operation, and maintenance entirely, with most of the revenue going to the foreign company. In contrast, a small local company could build a specialized tool for education, maintenance, or design, then sell it to multiple markets, keeping the knowledge, jobs, and revenue within the local economy.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Arab strategy must begin by identifying areas where the region possesses genuine demand or expertise that can be transformed into a product. The energy sector offers ample scope for digital integration, facilities management, and training. New cities provide opportunities to develop planning and simulation applications. Education requires virtual labs and interactive Arabic content. Tourism and heritage need digital experiences that present Arab sites in their original languages \u200b\u200band historical contexts. Healthcare can benefit from simulation, training, and remote diagnosis, particularly in areas lacking specialized expertise. The strength of these sectors lies in their connection to existing needs and the presence of local entities capable of purchasing and testing the solutions.<\/span><\/p>\n

What the region needs is a shift in the government’s role within the digital marketplace. Government procurement can provide startups with an initial customer base, a testing ground, and a chance to prove themselves before entering international markets. Universities can become a source of technology and companies when aligned with industry needs, offering researchers a clear path to intellectual property registration and business development. Venture capital can also play a role beyond simply providing funding, adding managerial expertise and access to partners and markets.<\/span><\/p>\n

Data is central to this strategy. Platforms that collect data on users, cities, or factories have an increasing ability to improve their products, refine their models, and expand their reach. Data sovereignty, therefore, is at the heart of economic security. What’s needed are rules that guarantee privacy and define rights of use, transfer, and storage, while keeping the field open for innovation. Late legislation leaves the market in disarray, and excessive regulation drives companies away; striking a balance between the two requires institutions that understand both technology and economics.<\/span><\/p>\n

Infrastructure presents another challenge. Data from the International Telecommunication Federation indicates a wide disparity in connectivity within the Arab region, a disparity that concentrates the virtual economy in specific capitals and cities. Expanding the market requires reliable and affordable internet access, regional data centers, accessible payment services, secure digital identities, and education that enhances the ability to use and produce. Connectivity alone creates a user; skills, funding, and organization create a product, a company, and a market.<\/span><\/p>\n

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The digital economy also carries financial and environmental costs that must be factored in from the outset. Data centers and artificial intelligence require energy, water, equipment, and minerals, and rapid expansion generates increasing amounts of electronic waste. While some Arab countries have an advantage in solar energy and suitable land for digital infrastructure projects, transforming this advantage into a competitive edge requires connecting data centers to clean energy sources, improving cooling efficiency, and developing systems for reusing equipment and materials. UNCTAD\u2019s 2024 Digital Economy Report devoted considerable attention to the growing environmental footprint of digitalization and the burdens borne by developing countries in exchange for a limited share of the benefits.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arab competition in the virtual world will be decided at the deep value levels, such as who writes the software, who manages the infrastructure, who owns the data, who sets the standards, and who creates the content. Simply increasing user numbers will only expand companies’ external markets. The region possesses the capital, the market, and the need, but in large parts of it, it lacks integration among these elements. When capital is combined with scientific research, government procurement, and the regional market, investment projects will be able to build exportable production capacity.<\/span><\/p>\n

The virtual economy is already in existence, with trade, work, and services migrating to it at an accelerating pace. The Arab world’s share will be determined by decisions made regarding education, data, infrastructure, intellectual property, and market integration. The region’s opportunity extends beyond simply creating Arab platforms that mimic others’ offerings; it’s an opportunity to build technologies that stem from its own needs, serve its own market, and then compete internationally. At this point, the digital space will transform from a market from which Arab economies merely purchase goods to a sphere they actively shape and from which they reap the benefits.<\/span><\/p>\n

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